Koalia kona
ba osan, iha estudu ekonomia ema hanaran "estudu monetaria".
Estudu ida nee foka liu ba fungsaun osan iha atividades ekonomia loron loron. Hanesan
ita hotu hatene katak osan nudar tipo de suratahan ka centimu nebee iha valor
no legalmente utiliza hodi sosa ka truka ho sasan nebee mak ita konsume no
utiliza e mos selu ba salariuhusi servisu iha area oin oin iha nasaun ida (A,C
Pigou).Estudu monetaria, haree liu ba importansia husi utilizasaun osan no
importansia husi fungsaun instituisaun financas iha atividades ekonomia iha
nasaun ida. Relasiona ho estudu monetaria, remmesse/remittancenudar tipo osan
nebee haruka mai familia husi cidadaun nasaun ida nian iha rai liur. Haree ba
kestaun ida nee, Timor Leste nudar nasaun foun rentornu husi trabalhador iha
rai liur dala ruma la dun sai importansia. Maibe tipo de rendementu ida nee
importante tebesiha nasaun kiak sira seluk ho rajaun deretamente benefisia
familia barak iha rai laran tamba regularmente simu tipo rendementu ida nee. Ho
rajaun nee,governu Timor Lestepersija halo politika ida atu bele facilita no
asegura servisu remmese/remittance iha rai laran hodi hasae ekonomia nomos hamosu
impaktu positivu ba desenvolvimentu.
Koalia kona
ba remmese/remittence, la ses husi movimentu ema husi rai ida ba rai seluk.
Actividades nee kuinesidu ho naran migracao.Iha era ekonomia modernu migracaolaos
deit mosu iha rai laran, ho teknologia nebee mak avansadu, transporte tipo oin
oin, dudu atividades ne'e lao makas ho nunee facil ona ba ema atu halo viajen
ba mai.Movimentu ema muda husi fatinida ba fatin seluk hetan influensia makas
husi factores barak, hanesan faktores envairomentu, politika, sosial e mos
barak liu mak faktores ekonomia. Sitema globalizaun ekonomia iha nasaun barak
hamosu oportunidade oin-oin inkluidu oportunidade atu hadia vida moris liu husi
buka servisu iha rai seluk nebee mka oferese osan diak. Ho realidade ida nee
Timor oan barak mak agora espalha iha nasaun sira hanesan Norte Irlandia,
Inglatera, Korea do Sul e mos Australia ho motivu buka servisu atu hadia
ekonomia familia nian.
Iha artigu dahuluk
hau oferese ona politika governu nebee mak haruka trabalhador sira ba rai liur
no identifika obstaklu barak nebee mak persija hadia husi governu Timor Leste.
Iha artigu ida nee, hau hakarak oferese klean kona ba oinsa politika governu
atu preserva remessa/remittancehusi trabalhadores sira iha rai liur ho utiliza
ezemplu husi esperiensia nasaun sira iha mundu nebee maka niniaekonomia rai
laran dependente ba migradollar.
"Migradollar"
mak termu nebee ema barak utiliza hodi refere ba retornu husi emigrante nebee
servisu iha rai liur ka iha lia fuan seluk katak dollar husi rai liur nebee mak
tama mai rai laran husi cidadaun nasaun ida nian. Migradollar
importante tebes atu hasae performa ekonomia nasaun ida nian e mos rendementu
nasional kada uma kain nebee mak iha estudu ekonomia ema hanaran GNP (Gross
National Product) no GDP (Gross Domestic Product). GNP mak sasukat ba indikador
performa ekonomia nasaun ida nian, inkluidu produsaun nebee mak produs husi ema
idak idak no kompania hotu hotu iha rai laran e mos produsaun atividades
ekonomia husi cidadaun nasaun ida nian nebee mak namkari lemorai iha nasaun
seluk/iha fatin nebee deit iha mundu. GDP mak sasukat ba indikador ekonomia
nasaun ida nia total output, inkluidu produsaun iha atividades ekonomia
cidadaun idak idak iha rai laran e mos kompania lokal e internasional nebee mak
existe iha rai laran kada tinan (Kimberly Amadeo, 2013). Lui husi produsaun
nebee mak produs, ita bele haree ona katak GNP e mos GDP nee sae ou tun. Se
sasukat nee sae katak ekonomia nasaun nian lao diak e positivu, maibe se tun
signifika katak ekonomia nasaun nia hasoru difikuldade.
Iha kazu
Timor Leste nian, "Migradollar" nebee tama mai rai laran, rekorda ona
husi kanal institutisaun financas privado e mos publikonebee oferese servisu
remesse/remittance. Basea
ba dadus SEPFOPE nian total nebee mak rekorda hamutuk US$2 million resin (SEPFOPE
sita husi Western Union & BNU, 2014). Total
retornu husi tipo remesse/remittence nebee mak mensiona nee, nudar osan nebee
mak manda husi trabalhador Timor oan servisu iha Korea do Sul no Australia,
nebee hetan suporta husi Governu Timor Leste, maibe total migradolar geral husi
trabalhador Timor oan nebee servisu iha rai seluk hanesan Inglatera no Norte
Irlanda seidauk inkluidu iha dadus nebee mak rekorda ona husi SEPFOPE. Haree
fila fali ba ninia utilizasaun ultima, tipo retornu husi remesse/remittance nee
deskunfia barak liu utiliza ba konsume, haruka oan sira ba eskola, utiliza ba
saude familia e mos seluk seluk tan.Honunee persija estudu klean atu haree utilizasaun
ultima husi osan neebee tama mai, nunee mos informasaun kona ba migradolar
nebee oferese seidauk kompleta didiak tamba iha instituisaun financas; banku no
non-banku iha rai laran, barak mak seidauk oferese sira
nia informasaun kona ba servisu ida nee.
Relasiona ho
falta husi dadus nebee mak oferese, nasaun barak nebee maka ninia ekonomia
nasaun dependente ba remesse/remittance iha ona sistema diak atu rekorda
informasaun nee no iha politika nebee kria hodi maneja didiak
remesse/remittance nebee tama mai nasaun laran. Iha America Latina liu liu
nasaun Mexico"migradollar" nebee tama ba nasaun, maneja didiak
husi ema nebee simu. Ida nee la ses husi suporta politika governu nian.
Involvimentu politika governu nianlaos atu kontrola trabalhador sira nia osan
maibe fasilita servisu remesse/remittancehodi halo fasil no benefisia cidadaun
nebee manda no simu osan husi familia nebee mak servisu iha rai liur.Espektativahusi
servisu nebee oferese katak migradolar nee bele utiliza hodi kompleta
nesesidade basiko uma kain nebee regularmente simu remesse/remittance no mos
hasae deposita iha banku nasional no kria investimentu interna iha negosio kiik
ka medium husi familia sira.
Ezemplu
suporta nebee mak oferese husi governu Mexicomak hanesan tuir mai nee; Governu
Mexico halo akordu idaentre banku nasional iha nasaun nebee sidadaun sira
servisu barak liu hanesan Nacao Unidas do America no bangku nasional iha Mexico.
Suporta nee hare liu liu ba oinsa fasilita dalan nebee efesiente no la difikulta
prosesu transfere osan husi rai liur ba familia sira iha rai laran. Akordu
nebee halo entre bangku rua nee hanaran "Aquisation Stake"
signifika katak banku rua servisu hamutuk e fahe benefisia ba malu. Husi
servisu hamutuk nee, sira oferese dalan ida atu utiliza ATM (automatic teller
machine) nebee mak familia iha rai liur bele rai osan iha banku nebee defini
ona iha rai liur no familia sira iha rai laran nebee utiliza ATM husi bangku
iha rai laran nebee servisu hamutuk bele ona asesu sira nia osan no foti iha
nebee deit ho lalais. Akordu ida nee mos fo kustu baratu ba servisu banku nian
ho pursentu kiik. Iha mos maneira seluk mak utiliza husi sistema ida nee ho
naran" internet banking"
ka " banku internet" nebee
mak ema barak utiliza iha Mexico.
Haree fali ba nasaun balun
iha asiatiku, Philipinasai nudar
nasaun nebee mak simu retornu husi remesse/remittance ass liu iha asia sudeastiku. Remesse/remitance nebee
simu kada tinan ho total hamutuk $22.4 billion (2013). Politika governu Philipina
nian maka estabelese kanal legal ida iha banku nasional Pilipina nian ho naran "The
Banko Sentral ng Philipinas/BPS" nebee mak foti inisiativa
signifikante hanesan hasae transparasia no halo promosaun ba kompetisaun iha
merkado remesse nian.
Politika
permeiru husi governu Philipina liu husi banku sentral nian mak hasai sirkular
ida ba banku no instituisaun financial nebee mak la tama kategoriabanku atu
kona taxa ba produtu de servisu transferesia osan remesse/remittance nian,
inkluidu ho ninia kustu tranferensia. Politika segundu mak halo fasil asesu ba
servisu financial. Prosesu ida nee liu
husi oferese moeda estranjeiru/rai liur iha area rurais no koperativu sira
nebee mak existe iha fatin referee. Ida nee ho hanoin ida katak retornu tipo
remesse/remittance nebee mak tama mai la urgente ba ema nebee simu atu truka
lalais ba moeda lokal. Maibe politika ida nee, haree liu wainhira moeda lokal
ninia taxa combial (exhange rate) iha moeda lokal sae, ema nebee simu bele
truka atu nunee sira bele hetan benefisiu hanesan moeda nebee sira troka bele
aumenta valor osan nebee sira rai hela iha banku referee.
Politika
terseiru mak fasilita interkoneksaun ba ATM nebee mak oferese husi bangku sira
iha rai laran atu asegura seguransa ba remesse/remittance nebee haruka ba
familia iha rai laran e mos redus kustu operasional ka taxa ba orsamentu nebee
mak haruka mai rai laran. Atu asegura
fasilidade nee, maka politika governu nian halo aprovasaun alternativu atu manda
remesse/remittance ba familia iha rai laran liu husi: servisu mobile (HP
transfer system; ida nebee mak agora ema barak uja hela iha Philipina). sistemaida
nee fahe informasaun koba ba taxa combial moeda estranjeiru ho moeda lokal.
Ikus liu mak banku centralhalo campanha ba utilizasaun kanal remesse/remittance
husi departementu relevantes ka organisaun nebee mak servisu iha area financas
ba trabalhadores sira iha rai liur.
Husi ezemplu
rua iha leten, Timor Leste bele ona halo estudu klean ida atu utiliza sistema nebee
effectivu atu bele fasilita prosesu e mos utilizasaun remesse/remittanceho didiak
atu bele fo impaktu positivu ba desenvolviemntu ekonomia uma kain idak idak iha
rai laran.
Maibe haree
fila fali ba realidade iha Timor Leste, katak infraestrutura iha rai laran
seidauk sufisiente, banku barak mak seidauk opera iha distritu sira no iha
banku balu mos seidauk bele oferese servisu barak hanesan ATM, Internet banking
no seluk seluk nebee mak bele fasilita lalais ema atu foti osan.Ho realidade
nebee mak iha, estudu sira hanesan estudu bakanal remesse/remittance persija
halo atu nunee bele identifika ema hira mak manda osan regularmente mai familia
iha rai laran, osan ho montante hira mak produs husi atividades
remesse/remitensia kada tinan. Ho nunee facil atuoferese servisuiha fatin nebee
signifikante hoema barak nebee regularmente simu osan husi tipo
remmese/remittance.Husi esperiensia nasaun sira nebee mak oferese iha leten,
hau hakarak halo rekomendasaun balu, nebee mak bele ona halo husi banku Central
Timor Leste nianhanesan tuir mai nee:
1.
Governu Timor Leste liu husi banku central Timor Leste
tengki iha regulamentu ida atu kontrola banku no non banku iha rai laran nebee
mak oferese servisu manda e simu osan husi rai liur.
2.
Governu Timor Leste liu husi banku central bele aplika
redusaun ba taxa servisu transfere remesse/remittance mai rai laran, redus
kustu transaksaun no oferese insentivu no promove kompetisaun entre
instituisaun finaceira nebee mak oferese servisu transafer no simu osan entre banku
sira no insituisaun non banku iha rai laran.
3.
Governu Timor Leste liu husi banku central halo ona
criteira ba banku comercial sira nebee mak oferese servisu remesse/remittance
atu aplika sistema ATM iha fatin ka regiaun nebee mak bangku sira opera. No mos
governu liu husi banku central ka instituisaun relevantes tengki halo
sosializasaun ba sistema oisa utiliza ATM nebee mak iha ona servisu hamutuk ho
banku nebee mak oprea iha fatin nebee identifika no oferese informasaun kona ba
cobial do moeda nian ba trabalhador sira iha rai liur no ba familia iha rai
laran nebee mak regularmente simu remesse/remittance.
Haree ba
opsaun nebee mak hau oferese iha leten, Governu Timor Leste, liu husi miniteriais
relevantes hanesan SEPFOPE bele ona aplika etapa husi sistema ida nee ba Programa
Empregu Rai Liur/Overseas Employment Program hanesan tuir mai nee:
1.
Governu Timor Leste liu husi SEPFOPE tengkiservisu
hamutuk ho banku central atu oferese opsaun nebee maka hatoo iha leten katak
defini banku nasional nebee mak hakarak halo "Aquisation Stake"
ho banku husi nasaun nebee mak trabalhador barak servisu ba hanesan Korea do
Sul no Australia.
2.
Halo negosiasaun ho trabalhador nebee mak selesionado ba
servisu iha rai liur atu rai ka deposita sira nia salario nebee hetan kada
fulan 30% iha sistema bankaria nebee hanaran "saver" nebee mak labele foti durante tinan tolu to lima
nia laran (trbalhador sira bele foti osan nee wainhira sira nia kontratu
servisu iha rai liur remata). Banku sei oferese funan nebee as ba osan nebee deposita
atu bele dadaa/atrai trabalhadores ninia interese atu rai osan nebee sira iha.
3.
Asegura transparansia utilizasaun osan nebee deposita
maka banku tenki oferese relatorio ba osan nain (trabalhador sira) kona ba
total osan nebee sira deposita kada fulan 3 ou 6 atu haree ninia valor ho funan
nebee mak halo ona husi banku.
4.
Atu fasilita lalais familia nia nesesidade iha rai laran
mak governu liu husi bangku nebee defini persija asegura prosesu foti no simu
osan ho effisiente liu husi oferese sistema ATM ihabanku nebee mak opera iha
regiaun sira.
5.
Ikus liu mak atu asegura sustentabilidade utilizasaun remesse/remittance
iha rai laran mak governu liu husi SEPFOPE, MNEG no SEAPRI tengki halo campanhia
no treinamentu ba familia nebee simu regularmente remesse/remittance iha rai
laran no trabalhador sira nebe mak servisu iha rai liur, liu liu iha area
kapasitasaun enterpreneur liu husi kapasitasaun ba area manajementu finanseira: rai osan/saving, mobilizasaun investementu
no fasilitasaun kreditu e mos informasaun kona ba linguazen finanseira
nian. Iha are kapasitasaun ba tekniku: hanesan kapasidade manajerial, trabalahdor
no informasaun ba produsaun kapital iha teknologia modernu no linguajen ba mercadoria
ikus liu mak kapasitasaun ba trabalhador :hanesan treinamentu ba seguransa
salva vida e ikus liu dereitu do
trabalhador.
Depois de
sistema nee lao diak no hatudu resultado diak maka sistema ida nee sei sai
exemplu diak no atrai trabalhadores seluk nebee ho sira nia inisiativa rasik
liu husi suporta familia buka servisu iha nasaun seluk hanesan UK no Norte
Irlandia. Governu mos bele ona aplika sistema nee iha fatin sira nebee temi
dadaun no halo campanha ba utilizasaun sistema financial adequadu nebee mak
bele halo fasil sira nia familia iha rai laran atu asesu lalais osan nebee sira
manda no mos maneja didiak osan nebee sira haruka atu asegura ekonomia familia
nian iha futuru.
Referensia
Banko Sentral ng Pilipinas. 2013. " Advocacies for Overseas
Filipinos" Availabel at
http://www.bsp.gov.ph/about/advocacies_ofws.asp.
M.F.C Moreno. 2013." The effective use of remittances in promoting Economic
Development" retrieves husi
http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/publications/general_assembly/eitconference/2aprpm_moreno.pdf
S. Robero, B. Sergio, L.Lindasy
B, B.C Dulce. 2002.
" Billion in Motion: Latino
Immigrants, Remittance and Banking"
New Hispanic Center. retreived husi http://pewhispanic.org/files/reports/13.pdf
SEPFOPE. 2014 " Hasai ema hatama Osan"
retreive husi
http://sepfope.blogspot.co.nz/2014/02/sepfope-hasai-ema-hatama-osan-liu-husi.html
